Functional Electrical Stimulation

FES restores function in paralysis with multiple FDA-cleared platforms. The session covers FES cycling and walking (Restorative Therapies RT300, MyoLyn), drop-foot FES (Bioness L300, Walkaide, Odstock), FES upper-limb (Bioness H200), implantable FES (Networked Neuroprosthesis at Case Western), and closed-loop FES with EMG and sensor feedback. Discussion addresses FES safety including muscle fatigue, FES for bowel/bladder/respiratory function, transcutaneous vs implantable FES, FES in cardiac rehabilitation, FES in stroke, pediatric FES applications, and integration with exoskeleton-assisted gait.